Materials / PCB Laminate

PCB Laminate FR-4

PCB Laminate FR-4 (Isola 370HR) strength, stiffness, density and thermal properties, with their source.

A panel in PCB Laminate FR-4, woven, clear-coated finish.

Mechanical
Yield strengthnot given (tensile used)
Ultimate tensile strength246–385MPa1
Flexural strength531–621MPa1
Elongation at breaknot sourced
Young's modulus (stiffness)21.9–25.8GPa1
Density1,920kg/m³2
Strength to weight164kN·m/kg
Stiffness to weight12.4MN·m/kg
Poisson's ratio0.171–0.1771
Shear modulus10.2GPa
Bulk modulus12.2GPa
Speed of sound3,525m/s
1k10k0.1110100Density (kg/m³)Young's modulus (GPa)Plastic PLAPlastic PETGPlastic ABSPlastic TPUPlastic NylonWoodAluminumSteelIronTitaniumSteel AISI 1018Stainless Steel 304Stainless Steel 316Aluminum 6061-T6Aluminum 7075-T6Brass C360Copper C110Copper C10100Copper C12200GlassSteel AISI 1045Steel AISI 4340Steel A992Stainless Steel 303Stainless Steel 17-4PHAluminum 2024-T351Aluminum 5052-H32Aluminum 7050-T7451Titanium Ti-6Al-4VBrass C260Nickel Inconel 718Magnesium AZ31B-H24Zinc Zamak 3Plastic ABS (bulk/injection)Plastic PolycarbonatePlastic POM/AcetalPlastic Nylon PA6Plastic Nylon PA66Plastic PEEKPlastic UHMWPEPlastic HDPEPlastic PolypropylenePlastic PMMAFDM ASAFDM PolycarbonateFDM PAHT-CFFDM HIPSSLA Resin StandardSLA Resin Tough 2000SLS PA12 NylonDMLS AlSi10Mg AluminumDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI TitaniumDMLS 316L Stainless SteelDMLS 17-4PH Stainless SteelConcreteSiliconCeramic Alumina 96%Ceramic Aluminum NitrideAluminum A380Aluminum 6063-T6Aluminum 1100-OAluminum 3003-OAluminum ADC12Magnesium AZ91DSolder SAC305Plastic PBT GF30Plastic PPS GF40Plastic LCP GF30PCB Laminate FR-4
Stiffness against densityHigher and further left: stiffer for its weight
1k10k101001kDensity (kg/m³)Yield strength (MPa)Plastic PLAPlastic PETGPlastic ABSPlastic TPUPlastic NylonRubberWoodAluminumSteelIronTitaniumSteel AISI 1018Stainless Steel 304Stainless Steel 316Aluminum 6061-T6Aluminum 7075-T6Brass C360Copper C110Copper C10100Copper C12200GlassSteel AISI 1045Steel AISI 4340Steel A992Stainless Steel 303Stainless Steel 17-4PHAluminum 2024-T351Aluminum 5052-H32Aluminum 7050-T7451Titanium Ti-6Al-4VBrass C260Nickel Inconel 718Magnesium AZ31B-H24Zinc Zamak 3Plastic ABS (bulk/injection)Plastic PolycarbonatePlastic POM/AcetalPlastic Nylon PA6Plastic Nylon PA66Plastic PEEKPlastic PTFEPlastic UHMWPEPlastic HDPEPlastic PolypropylenePlastic PMMAFDM ASAFDM PolycarbonateFDM PAHT-CFFDM HIPSSLA Resin StandardSLA Resin Tough 2000SLA Resin Elastic 50ASLS PA12 NylonDMLS AlSi10Mg AluminumDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI TitaniumDMLS 316L Stainless SteelDMLS 17-4PH Stainless SteelBrickSiliconCeramic Alumina 96%Aluminum A380Aluminum 6063-T6Aluminum 1100-OAluminum 3003-OAluminum ADC12Magnesium AZ91DSolder SAC305Plastic PBT GF30Plastic PPS GF40Plastic LCP GF30PCB Laminate FR-4
Strength against densityHigher and further left: stronger for its weight
Thermal
Thermal conductivity0.4W/m·K1
Thermal expansion13–14µm/m·K1
100 mm part over a 50 °C swing67.5µm growth
Specific heat1,200–1,400J/kg·K2
Heats up and cools (diffusivity)0.16mm²/s
Thermal shock resistance324W/m
Glass transition180°C1
Max service temperature130°C1
1k10k0.1110100Density (kg/m³)Thermal conductivity (W/m·K)Plastic PLAPlastic PETGPlastic ABSPlastic NylonRubberWoodAluminumSteelIronTitaniumSteel AISI 1018Stainless Steel 304Stainless Steel 316Aluminum 6061-T6Aluminum 7075-T6Brass C360Copper C110Copper C10100Copper C12200GlassSteel AISI 1045Steel AISI 4340Steel A992Stainless Steel 303Stainless Steel 17-4PHAluminum 2024-T351Aluminum 5052-H32Aluminum 7050-T7451Titanium Ti-6Al-4VBrass C260Nickel Inconel 718Magnesium AZ31B-H24Zinc Zamak 3Plastic ABS (bulk/injection)Plastic PolycarbonatePlastic POM/AcetalPlastic Nylon PA6Plastic Nylon PA66Plastic PEEKPlastic PTFEPlastic UHMWPEPlastic HDPEPlastic PolypropylenePlastic PMMAFDM ASAFDM PolycarbonateFDM HIPSSLA Resin StandardDMLS AlSi10Mg AluminumDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI TitaniumDMLS 316L Stainless SteelDMLS 17-4PH Stainless SteelConcreteBrickSiliconCeramic Alumina 96%Ceramic Aluminum NitrideAluminum A380Aluminum 6063-T6Aluminum 1100-OAluminum 3003-OAluminum ADC12Magnesium AZ91DSolder SAC305Plastic PBT GF30Plastic PPS GF40Plastic LCP GF30PCB Laminate FR-4
Thermal conductivity against densityHigher and further left: spreads more heat for its weight
0.111010010100Thermal conductivity (W/m·K)Thermal expansion (µm/m·K)Plastic PETGPlastic ABSPlastic NylonWoodAluminumSteelIronTitaniumSteel AISI 1018Stainless Steel 304Stainless Steel 316Aluminum 6061-T6Aluminum 7075-T6Brass C360Copper C110Copper C10100Copper C12200GlassSteel AISI 1045Steel AISI 4340Steel A992Stainless Steel 303Stainless Steel 17-4PHAluminum 2024-T351Aluminum 5052-H32Aluminum 7050-T7451Titanium Ti-6Al-4VBrass C260Nickel Inconel 718Magnesium AZ31B-H24Zinc Zamak 3Plastic ABS (bulk/injection)Plastic PolycarbonatePlastic POM/AcetalPlastic Nylon PA6Plastic Nylon PA66Plastic PEEKPlastic PTFEPlastic UHMWPEPlastic HDPEPlastic PolypropylenePlastic PMMAFDM ASAFDM PolycarbonateFDM HIPSSLA Resin StandardDMLS AlSi10Mg AluminumDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI TitaniumDMLS 316L Stainless SteelDMLS 17-4PH Stainless SteelConcreteBrickPlywoodSiliconCeramic Alumina 96%Ceramic Aluminum NitrideAluminum A380Aluminum 6063-T6Aluminum 1100-OAluminum 3003-OAluminum ADC12Magnesium AZ91DSolder SAC305Plastic PBT GF30Plastic PPS GF40Plastic LCP GF30PCB Laminate FR-4
Thermal expansion against thermal conductivityLower and further right: warps less when heated
Sources2 documents: Isola, Park Electrochemical (Nelco)
Values for
Composite. Isola 370HR FR-4 laminate (Polyclad PCL-FR-370HR, 180 C Tg multifunctional epoxy, E-glass fabric), copper removed; Isola data sheet Revision C, last updated April 15, 2021. Woven-glass laminate: the sheet gives in-plane values per weave direction (length / cross) and the Z-axis CTE separately; the solver is isotropic per material.
  1. 1
    370HR Laminate and Prepreg Data SheetIsolaarchived copyUltimate tensile strength: typical, in-plane: cross direction .. length direction (ASTM D3039)Flexural strength: typical: cross direction .. length direction (IPC-TM-650 2.4.4B)Young's modulus (stiffness): typical, in-plane: cross direction .. length direction (ASTM D790-15e2)Poisson's ratio: typical, in-plane: cross direction .. length directionThermal conductivity: typical (ASTM E1952); direction not stated by the sheetThermal expansion: typical, in-plane X/Y-axis, below Tg (IPC-TM-650 2.4.24C)Glass transition: typical, DSC (IPC-TM-650 2.4.25C)Max service temperature: UL Relative Thermal Index (UL 796)
  2. 2
    N4000-6 Laminate Data Sheet (2006)Park Electrochemical (Nelco)archived copyDensity: typical, 50% resin content; another FR-4 producer: Park Nelco N4000-6 (high-Tg multifunctional epoxy), not Isola 370HRSpecific heat: typical (ASTM E1461); another FR-4 producer: Park Nelco N4000-6 (high-Tg multifunctional epoxy), not Isola 370HR
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Thermal properties of PCB Laminate FR-4

Thermal conductivity of PCB Laminate FR-4

PCB Laminate FR-4 has a thermal conductivity of 0.4 W/m·K (0.231 BTU/hr·ft·°F). Basis: typical (ASTM E1952); direction not stated by the sheet. Source: Isola, 370HR Laminate and Prepreg Data Sheetarchived copy.

Specific heat of PCB Laminate FR-4

The specific heat capacity of PCB Laminate FR-4 is 1,200–1,400 J/kg·K (0.287–0.334 BTU/lb·°F). Basis: typical (ASTM E1461); another FR-4 producer: Park Nelco N4000-6 (high-Tg multifunctional epoxy), not Isola 370HR. Source: Park Electrochemical (Nelco), N4000-6 Laminate Data Sheet (2006)archived copy.

Coefficient of thermal expansion of PCB Laminate FR-4

PCB Laminate FR-4 expands 13–14 µm/m·K (7.22–7.78 µin/in·°F): a 100 mm part grows 67.5 µm over a 50 °C rise. Basis: typical, in-plane X/Y-axis, below Tg (IPC-TM-650 2.4.24C). Source: Isola, 370HR Laminate and Prepreg Data Sheetarchived copy.

Thermal diffusivity of PCB Laminate FR-4

Computed from the conductivity, density and specific heat (k / ρc): 0.16 mm²/s, how fast a temperature change spreads through it.

Glass transition temperature of PCB Laminate FR-4

PCB Laminate FR-4 softens at its glass transition, 180 °C (356 °F). Basis: typical, DSC (IPC-TM-650 2.4.25C). Source: Isola, 370HR Laminate and Prepreg Data Sheetarchived copy.

Maximum service temperature of PCB Laminate FR-4

The maximum service temperature of PCB Laminate FR-4 is 130 °C (266 °F). Basis: UL Relative Thermal Index (UL 796). Source: Isola, 370HR Laminate and Prepreg Data Sheetarchived copy.

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