Materials / Compare

DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium vs. Steel AISI 1045

Compare DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium vs. Steel AISI 1045 strength, stiffness, weight and thermal properties.

DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium3D printed metal (DMLS)
Steel AISI 1045Wrought
MechanicalDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI TitaniumSteel AISI 1045
Yield strength1,100MPa12.07x strongerproducer-stated531MPa2
Ultimate tensile strength1,270MPa12.03x strongerproducer-stated627MPa2
Elongation at break8.7%1in 2 in12%238% more ductile
Young's modulus (stiffness)same maker and process110GPa3210GPa41.91x stiffer
Density4,400kg/m³11.77x lighter7,800kg/m³4
Strength to weight250kN·m/kg3.67x higher68.1kN·m/kg
Stiffness to weight25MN·m/kg26.9MN·m/kg8% higher
Poisson's ratiowrought TIMETAL 6-40.34250.34
Shear modulus41GPa80.8GPa1.97x stiffer in shear
Bulk modulus116GPa175GPa1.51x higher
Speed of sound5,000m/s5,189m/s4% faster
1k10k0.1110100Density (kg/m³)Young's modulus (GPa)Plastic PLAPlastic PETGPlastic ABSPlastic TPUPlastic NylonWoodAluminumSteelIronTitaniumSteel AISI 1018Stainless Steel 304Stainless Steel 316Aluminum 6061-T6Aluminum 7075-T6Brass C360Copper C110Copper C10100Copper C12200GlassSteel AISI 4340Steel A992Stainless Steel 303Stainless Steel 17-4PHAluminum 2024-T351Aluminum 5052-H32Aluminum 7050-T7451Titanium Ti-6Al-4VBrass C260Nickel Inconel 718Magnesium AZ31B-H24Zinc Zamak 3Plastic ABS (bulk/injection)Plastic PolycarbonatePlastic POM/AcetalPlastic Nylon PA6Plastic Nylon PA66Plastic PEEKPlastic UHMWPEPlastic HDPEPlastic PolypropylenePlastic PMMAFDM ASAFDM PolycarbonateFDM PAHT-CFFDM HIPSSLA Resin StandardSLA Resin Tough 2000SLS PA12 NylonDMLS AlSi10Mg AluminumDMLS 316L Stainless SteelDMLS 17-4PH Stainless SteelConcretePCB Laminate FR-4SiliconCeramic Alumina 96%Ceramic Aluminum NitrideAluminum A380Aluminum 6063-T6Aluminum 1100-OAluminum 3003-OAluminum ADC12Magnesium AZ91DSolder SAC305Plastic PBT GF30Plastic PPS GF40Plastic LCP GF30DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI TitaniumSteel AISI 1045
Stiffness against densityHigher and further left: stiffer for its weight
1k10k101001kDensity (kg/m³)Yield strength (MPa)Plastic PLAPlastic PETGPlastic ABSPlastic TPUPlastic NylonRubberWoodAluminumSteelIronTitaniumSteel AISI 1018Stainless Steel 304Stainless Steel 316Aluminum 6061-T6Aluminum 7075-T6Brass C360Copper C110Copper C10100Copper C12200GlassSteel AISI 4340Steel A992Stainless Steel 303Stainless Steel 17-4PHAluminum 2024-T351Aluminum 5052-H32Aluminum 7050-T7451Titanium Ti-6Al-4VBrass C260Nickel Inconel 718Magnesium AZ31B-H24Zinc Zamak 3Plastic ABS (bulk/injection)Plastic PolycarbonatePlastic POM/AcetalPlastic Nylon PA6Plastic Nylon PA66Plastic PEEKPlastic PTFEPlastic UHMWPEPlastic HDPEPlastic PolypropylenePlastic PMMAFDM ASAFDM PolycarbonateFDM PAHT-CFFDM HIPSSLA Resin StandardSLA Resin Tough 2000SLA Resin Elastic 50ASLS PA12 NylonDMLS AlSi10Mg AluminumDMLS 316L Stainless SteelDMLS 17-4PH Stainless SteelBrickPCB Laminate FR-4SiliconCeramic Alumina 96%Aluminum A380Aluminum 6063-T6Aluminum 1100-OAluminum 3003-OAluminum ADC12Magnesium AZ91DSolder SAC305Plastic PBT GF30Plastic PPS GF40Plastic LCP GF30DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI TitaniumSteel AISI 1045
Strength against densityHigher and further left: stronger for its weight
ThermalDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI TitaniumSteel AISI 1045
Thermal conductivitybase material6.6W/m·K640–45W/m·K4
Thermal expansionmean 25-100 °C9µm/m·K733% less12µm/m·K4
100 mm part over a 50 °C swing45µm growth33% less60µm growth
Specific heatbase material580J/kg·K6460–480J/kg·K4
Heats up and cools (diffusivity)2.59mm²/s11.6mm²/s4.48x faster
Thermal shock resistance4,825W/m6,269W/m30% more resistant
Melting pointmelting range1,630–1,650°C5not sourced
1k10k0.1110100Density (kg/m³)Thermal conductivity (W/m·K)Plastic PLAPlastic PETGPlastic ABSPlastic NylonRubberWoodAluminumSteelIronTitaniumSteel AISI 1018Stainless Steel 304Stainless Steel 316Aluminum 6061-T6Aluminum 7075-T6Brass C360Copper C110Copper C10100Copper C12200GlassSteel AISI 4340Steel A992Stainless Steel 303Stainless Steel 17-4PHAluminum 2024-T351Aluminum 5052-H32Aluminum 7050-T7451Titanium Ti-6Al-4VBrass C260Nickel Inconel 718Magnesium AZ31B-H24Zinc Zamak 3Plastic ABS (bulk/injection)Plastic PolycarbonatePlastic POM/AcetalPlastic Nylon PA6Plastic Nylon PA66Plastic PEEKPlastic PTFEPlastic UHMWPEPlastic HDPEPlastic PolypropylenePlastic PMMAFDM ASAFDM PolycarbonateFDM HIPSSLA Resin StandardDMLS AlSi10Mg AluminumDMLS 316L Stainless SteelDMLS 17-4PH Stainless SteelConcreteBrickPCB Laminate FR-4SiliconCeramic Alumina 96%Ceramic Aluminum NitrideAluminum A380Aluminum 6063-T6Aluminum 1100-OAluminum 3003-OAluminum ADC12Magnesium AZ91DSolder SAC305Plastic PBT GF30Plastic PPS GF40Plastic LCP GF30DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI TitaniumSteel AISI 1045
Thermal conductivity against densityHigher and further left: spreads more heat for its weight
0.111010010100Thermal conductivity (W/m·K)Thermal expansion (µm/m·K)Plastic PETGPlastic ABSPlastic NylonWoodAluminumSteelIronTitaniumSteel AISI 1018Stainless Steel 304Stainless Steel 316Aluminum 6061-T6Aluminum 7075-T6Brass C360Copper C110Copper C10100Copper C12200GlassSteel AISI 4340Steel A992Stainless Steel 303Stainless Steel 17-4PHAluminum 2024-T351Aluminum 5052-H32Aluminum 7050-T7451Titanium Ti-6Al-4VBrass C260Nickel Inconel 718Magnesium AZ31B-H24Zinc Zamak 3Plastic ABS (bulk/injection)Plastic PolycarbonatePlastic POM/AcetalPlastic Nylon PA6Plastic Nylon PA66Plastic PEEKPlastic PTFEPlastic UHMWPEPlastic HDPEPlastic PolypropylenePlastic PMMAFDM ASAFDM PolycarbonateFDM HIPSSLA Resin StandardDMLS AlSi10Mg AluminumDMLS 316L Stainless SteelDMLS 17-4PH Stainless SteelConcreteBrickPlywoodPCB Laminate FR-4SiliconCeramic Alumina 96%Ceramic Aluminum NitrideAluminum A380Aluminum 6063-T6Aluminum 1100-OAluminum 3003-OAluminum ADC12Magnesium AZ91DSolder SAC305Plastic PBT GF30Plastic PPS GF40Plastic LCP GF30DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI TitaniumSteel AISI 1045
Thermal expansion against thermal conductivityLower and further right: warps less when heated
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Sources7 documents: EOS GmbH, Niagara LaSalle, Ovako, TIMET
DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium
EOS Titanium Ti64ELI (powder 9011-0040; ASTM F136/F3001, i.e. Grade 23) on EOS M400 SF, parameter set Ti64ELI_030_FlexM400_100, 30 µm, as built; ISO 6892-1 A14
Steel AISI 1045
AISI 1045 cold drawn bar (Niagara LaSalle) for mechanical; Ovako C45 (lists 'SAE 1045' as a similar designation) for physical constants
  1. 1
    EOS Titanium Ti64ELI Material Data Sheet, M 290 and M 400EOS GmbHarchived copyDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium · Yield strength: typical, as built, average of horizontal + vertical (M400)DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium · Ultimate tensile strength: typical, as built, average of horizontal + vertical (M400)DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium · Elongation at break: typical at break, as built (M400)DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium · Density: typical part density (ISO 3369), M400
  2. 2
    1045 PropertiesNiagara LaSallearchived copySteel AISI 1045 · Yield strength: producer-stated, cold drawnSteel AISI 1045 · Ultimate tensile strength: producer-stated, cold drawnSteel AISI 1045 · Elongation at break: in 2 in (50.8 mm)
  3. 3
    EOS Titanium Ti64 Material Data Sheet, M 290 (2022)EOS GmbHarchived copyDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium · Young's modulus (stiffness): same maker and process, sibling grade: EOS Titanium Ti64 (Grade 5) on EOS M 290, as built, XY and Z, typical
  4. 4
    C45 Steel GradeOvakoSteel AISI 1045 · Young's modulus (stiffness): typicalSteel AISI 1045 · Density: typicalSteel AISI 1045 · Poisson's ratio: typicalSteel AISI 1045 · Thermal conductivity: typical range, ambientSteel AISI 1045 · Thermal expansion: typical, mean 20-300 °CSteel AISI 1045 · Specific heat: typical range, 50/100 °C
  5. 5
    TIMETAL 6-4 PropertiesTIMETarchived copyDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium · Poisson's ratio: wrought TIMETAL 6-4 (TIMET measurement, mean of 10); composition-level, not DMLS-measuredDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium · Melting point: melting range, wrought TIMETAL 6-4 (composition-level)
  6. 6
    TIMETAL 6-4 Data SheetTIMETarchived copyDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium · Thermal conductivity: base material: wrought Ti-6Al-4V / 6-4 ELI (TIMET datasheet), 20 °CDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium · Specific heat: base material: wrought Ti-6Al-4V / 6-4 ELI (TIMET datasheet), 20 °C
  7. 7
    EOS Titanium Ti64 Grade 23 Material Data SheetEOS GmbHarchived copyDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium · Thermal expansion: mean 25-100 °C, ASTM E228; EOS Ti64 Grade 23 (=ELI) on EOS M 290 40 µm; condition not stated (sheet's mechanical data are heat treated)

Each number points to the document that states it, with the exact basis. Values without a number are computed from the sourced ones. "Not sourced" means no citable source states it (or only a specification minimum); figures computed from it are left out too.

DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium is 3D printed: its properties depend on build direction and print settings; these are typical values.

Questions

Mechanical

Is DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium stronger than Steel AISI 1045?

DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium is stronger: its yield strength is 1,100 MPa against 531 MPa for Steel AISI 1045 (2.07x).

Which is lighter, DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium or Steel AISI 1045?

DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium is lighter: 4,400 kg/m³ against 7,800 kg/m³ for Steel AISI 1045.

Which is stiffer, DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium or Steel AISI 1045?

Steel AISI 1045 is stiffer: Young's modulus 210 GPa against 110 GPa for DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium, so the same part in Steel AISI 1045 deflects less under the same load.

Which is lighter for the same job, DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium or Steel AISI 1045?

For the same stiffness or strength: DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium is lighter for a stiff beam (bending), stiff panel or plate, strong rod or tie, strong beam, strong panel or plate; Steel AISI 1045 is lighter for a stiff rod or tie (tension).

Part that must beDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI TitaniumSteel AISI 1045
Stiff rod or tie (tension)8% heavierlighter
Stiff beam (bending)lighter28% heavier
Stiff panel or platelighter43% heavier
Strong rod or tielighter3.67x heavier
Strong beamlighter2.88x heavier
Strong panel or platelighter2.55x heavier

For the same stiffness or strength, mass scales with density over stiffness (or strength) raised to a power set by how the part is loaded: 1 for a rod in tension, 1/2 for a beam in bending, 1/3 for a panel (the standard material-selection indices).

Which is more ductile, DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium or Steel AISI 1045?

Steel AISI 1045 stretches further before it breaks: 12% elongation at break against 8.7% for DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium.

Thermal

Which conducts heat better, DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium or Steel AISI 1045?

Steel AISI 1045 conducts heat better: 42.5 W/m·K against 6.6 W/m·K for DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium.

Which expands less with temperature?

DMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI Titanium expands less: 9 µm/m·K against 12 µm/m·K for Steel AISI 1045.

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