Thermal conductivity against densityHigher and further left: spreads more heat for its weightThermal expansion against thermal conductivityLower and further right: warps less when heated
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Type 304, annealed flat-rolled (Cleveland-Cliffs 304/304L Product Data Bulletin, May 2021); Poisson's ratio from the Nickel Institute/SCI structural stainless design manual
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304/304L Stainless Steel Product Data Bulletin (2021)Cleveland-CliffsStainless Steel 304 · Yield strength: typical, annealed, 70 °F (21 °C)Stainless Steel 304 · Ultimate tensile strength: typical, annealed, 70 °F (21 °C)Stainless Steel 304 · Elongation at break: typical, annealed, in 2 in. (50.8 mm)Stainless Steel 304 · Young's modulus (stiffness): typical, in tensionStainless Steel 304 · Density: typicalStainless Steel 304 · Thermal conductivity: at 100 °CStainless Steel 304 · Thermal expansion: mean, 0–100 °CStainless Steel 304 · Specific heat: mean, 0–100 °CStainless Steel 304 · Melting point: melting rangeStainless Steel 304 · Max service temperature: continuous, oxidation (scaling) limit in air
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Ceramic Seal Material Properties (01899 F)CoorsTekarchived copyCeramic Alumina 96% · Ultimate tensile strength: typical tensile strength, 25 °C (ACMA Test #4)Ceramic Alumina 96% · Compressive strength: typical, 20 °C (ASTM-C773)Ceramic Alumina 96% · Flexural strength: flexural strength (MOR), 20 °C (ASTM-F417)Ceramic Alumina 96% · Young's modulus (stiffness): typical, 20 °C (ASTM-C848)Ceramic Alumina 96% · Density: typical (ASTM-C20)Ceramic Alumina 96% · Poisson's ratio: typical, 20 °C (ASTM-C848)Ceramic Alumina 96% · Thermal conductivity: typical, 20 °C (ASTM-C408)Ceramic Alumina 96% · Thermal expansion: mean, 25-1000 °C (ASTM-C372)Ceramic Alumina 96% · Specific heat: typical, 100 °C (ASTM-E1269)
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Design Manual for Structural Stainless Steel, 4th Edition (P413)Steel Construction Institutearchived copyStainless Steel 304 · Poisson's ratio: design value (structural stainless steels)
Each number points to the document that states it, with the exact basis. Values without a number are computed from the sourced ones. "Not sourced" means no citable source states it (or only a specification minimum); figures computed from it are left out too.
Questions
Mechanical
Is Ceramic Alumina 96% stronger than Stainless Steel 304?
Stainless Steel 304 is stronger: its yield strength is 241 MPa against tensile strength 221 MPa for Ceramic Alumina 96% (9%).
Which is lighter, Ceramic Alumina 96% or Stainless Steel 304?
Ceramic Alumina 96% is lighter: 3,720 kg/m³ against 8,030 kg/m³ for Stainless Steel 304.
Which is stiffer, Ceramic Alumina 96% or Stainless Steel 304?
Ceramic Alumina 96% is stiffer: Young's modulus 303 GPa against 193 GPa for Stainless Steel 304, so the same part in Ceramic Alumina 96% deflects less under the same load.
Which is lighter for the same job, Ceramic Alumina 96% or Stainless Steel 304?
For the same stiffness or strength: Ceramic Alumina 96% is lighter for a stiff rod or tie (tension), stiff beam (bending), stiff panel or plate, strong rod or tie, strong beam, strong panel or plate.
Part that must be
Ceramic Alumina 96%
Stainless Steel 304
Stiff rod or tie (tension)
lighter
3.39x heavier
Stiff beam (bending)
lighter
2.7x heavier
Stiff panel or plate
lighter
2.51x heavier
Strong rod or tie
lighter
1.98x heavier
Strong beam
lighter
2.04x heavier
Strong panel or plate
lighter
2.07x heavier
For the same stiffness or strength, mass scales with density over stiffness (or strength) raised to a power set by how the part is loaded: 1 for a rod in tension, 1/2 for a beam in bending, 1/3 for a panel (the standard material-selection indices).
Thermal
Which conducts heat better, Ceramic Alumina 96% or Stainless Steel 304?
Ceramic Alumina 96% conducts heat better: 24.7 W/m·K against 16.2 W/m·K for Stainless Steel 304.
Which expands less with temperature?
Ceramic Alumina 96% expands less: 8.2 µm/m·K against 16.9 µm/m·K for Stainless Steel 304.