Materials / Compare

Aluminum A380 vs. Magnesium AZ91D

Compare Aluminum A380 vs. Magnesium AZ91D strength, stiffness, weight and thermal properties.

Aluminum A380Cast
Magnesium AZ91DCast
MechanicalAluminum A380Magnesium AZ91D
Yield strength160MPa1150MPa2
Ultimate tensile strength320MPa139% stronger230MPa2
Elongation at break3.5%117% more ductile3%2
Young's modulus (stiffness)71GPa11.58x stiffer45GPa2
Density2,713kg/m³11,810kg/m³250% lighter
Strength to weight59kN·m/kg82.9kN·m/kg41% higher
Stiffness to weight26.2MN·m/kg5% higher24.9MN·m/kg
Poisson's ratio0.333base material0.354
Shear modulus26.7GPa1.6x stiffer in shear16.7GPa
Bulk modulus69.6GPa39% higher50GPa
Speed of sound5,116m/s3% faster4,986m/s
1k10k0.1110100Density (kg/m³)Young's modulus (GPa)Plastic PLAPlastic PETGPlastic ABSPlastic TPUPlastic NylonWoodAluminumSteelIronTitaniumSteel AISI 1018Stainless Steel 304Stainless Steel 316Aluminum 6061-T6Aluminum 7075-T6Brass C360Copper C110Copper C10100Copper C12200GlassSteel AISI 1045Steel AISI 4340Steel A992Stainless Steel 303Stainless Steel 17-4PHAluminum 2024-T351Aluminum 5052-H32Aluminum 7050-T7451Titanium Ti-6Al-4VBrass C260Nickel Inconel 718Magnesium AZ31B-H24Zinc Zamak 3Plastic ABS (bulk/injection)Plastic PolycarbonatePlastic POM/AcetalPlastic Nylon PA6Plastic Nylon PA66Plastic PEEKPlastic UHMWPEPlastic HDPEPlastic PolypropylenePlastic PMMAFDM ASAFDM PolycarbonateFDM PAHT-CFFDM HIPSSLA Resin StandardSLA Resin Tough 2000SLS PA12 NylonDMLS AlSi10Mg AluminumDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI TitaniumDMLS 316L Stainless SteelDMLS 17-4PH Stainless SteelConcretePCB Laminate FR-4SiliconCeramic Alumina 96%Ceramic Aluminum NitrideAluminum 6063-T6Aluminum 1100-OAluminum 3003-OAluminum ADC12Solder SAC305Plastic PBT GF30Plastic PPS GF40Plastic LCP GF30Aluminum A380Magnesium AZ91D
Stiffness against densityHigher and further left: stiffer for its weight
1k10k101001kDensity (kg/m³)Yield strength (MPa)Plastic PLAPlastic PETGPlastic ABSPlastic TPUPlastic NylonRubberWoodAluminumSteelIronTitaniumSteel AISI 1018Stainless Steel 304Stainless Steel 316Aluminum 6061-T6Aluminum 7075-T6Brass C360Copper C110Copper C10100Copper C12200GlassSteel AISI 1045Steel AISI 4340Steel A992Stainless Steel 303Stainless Steel 17-4PHAluminum 2024-T351Aluminum 5052-H32Aluminum 7050-T7451Titanium Ti-6Al-4VBrass C260Nickel Inconel 718Magnesium AZ31B-H24Zinc Zamak 3Plastic ABS (bulk/injection)Plastic PolycarbonatePlastic POM/AcetalPlastic Nylon PA6Plastic Nylon PA66Plastic PEEKPlastic PTFEPlastic UHMWPEPlastic HDPEPlastic PolypropylenePlastic PMMAFDM ASAFDM PolycarbonateFDM PAHT-CFFDM HIPSSLA Resin StandardSLA Resin Tough 2000SLA Resin Elastic 50ASLS PA12 NylonDMLS AlSi10Mg AluminumDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI TitaniumDMLS 316L Stainless SteelDMLS 17-4PH Stainless SteelBrickPCB Laminate FR-4SiliconCeramic Alumina 96%Aluminum 6063-T6Aluminum 1100-OAluminum 3003-OAluminum ADC12Solder SAC305Plastic PBT GF30Plastic PPS GF40Plastic LCP GF30Aluminum A380Magnesium AZ91D
Strength against densityHigher and further left: stronger for its weight
ThermalAluminum A380Magnesium AZ91D
Thermal conductivity96.2W/m·K134% more heat through a fin72W/m·K2
Thermal expansion21.8µm/m·K115% less25µm/m·K2
100 mm part over a 50 °C swing109µm growth15% less125µm growth
Specific heat963J/kg·K11,050J/kg·K2
Heats up and cools (diffusivity)36.8mm²/s37.9mm²/s3% faster
Thermal shock resistance6,669W/m7% more resistant6,240W/m
Melting pointnot sourcedmelting range470–595°C2
1k10k0.1110100Density (kg/m³)Thermal conductivity (W/m·K)Plastic PLAPlastic PETGPlastic ABSPlastic NylonRubberWoodAluminumSteelIronTitaniumSteel AISI 1018Stainless Steel 304Stainless Steel 316Aluminum 6061-T6Aluminum 7075-T6Brass C360Copper C110Copper C10100Copper C12200GlassSteel AISI 1045Steel AISI 4340Steel A992Stainless Steel 303Stainless Steel 17-4PHAluminum 2024-T351Aluminum 5052-H32Aluminum 7050-T7451Titanium Ti-6Al-4VBrass C260Nickel Inconel 718Magnesium AZ31B-H24Zinc Zamak 3Plastic ABS (bulk/injection)Plastic PolycarbonatePlastic POM/AcetalPlastic Nylon PA6Plastic Nylon PA66Plastic PEEKPlastic PTFEPlastic UHMWPEPlastic HDPEPlastic PolypropylenePlastic PMMAFDM ASAFDM PolycarbonateFDM HIPSSLA Resin StandardDMLS AlSi10Mg AluminumDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI TitaniumDMLS 316L Stainless SteelDMLS 17-4PH Stainless SteelConcreteBrickPCB Laminate FR-4SiliconCeramic Alumina 96%Ceramic Aluminum NitrideAluminum 6063-T6Aluminum 1100-OAluminum 3003-OAluminum ADC12Solder SAC305Plastic PBT GF30Plastic PPS GF40Plastic LCP GF30Aluminum A380Magnesium AZ91D
Thermal conductivity against densityHigher and further left: spreads more heat for its weight
0.111010010100Thermal conductivity (W/m·K)Thermal expansion (µm/m·K)Plastic PETGPlastic ABSPlastic NylonWoodAluminumSteelIronTitaniumSteel AISI 1018Stainless Steel 304Stainless Steel 316Aluminum 6061-T6Aluminum 7075-T6Brass C360Copper C110Copper C10100Copper C12200GlassSteel AISI 1045Steel AISI 4340Steel A992Stainless Steel 303Stainless Steel 17-4PHAluminum 2024-T351Aluminum 5052-H32Aluminum 7050-T7451Titanium Ti-6Al-4VBrass C260Nickel Inconel 718Magnesium AZ31B-H24Zinc Zamak 3Plastic ABS (bulk/injection)Plastic PolycarbonatePlastic POM/AcetalPlastic Nylon PA6Plastic Nylon PA66Plastic PEEKPlastic PTFEPlastic UHMWPEPlastic HDPEPlastic PolypropylenePlastic PMMAFDM ASAFDM PolycarbonateFDM HIPSSLA Resin StandardDMLS AlSi10Mg AluminumDMLS Ti-6Al-4V ELI TitaniumDMLS 316L Stainless SteelDMLS 17-4PH Stainless SteelConcreteBrickPlywoodPCB Laminate FR-4SiliconCeramic Alumina 96%Ceramic Aluminum NitrideAluminum 6063-T6Aluminum 1100-OAluminum 3003-OAluminum ADC12Solder SAC305Plastic PBT GF30Plastic PPS GF40Plastic LCP GF30Aluminum A380Magnesium AZ91D
Thermal expansion against thermal conductivityLower and further right: warps less when heated
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Sources4 documents: Rheocast Company, Magnesium Elektron, North American Die Casting Association, U.S. Department of Defense
Aluminum A380
A380 aluminium high-pressure die-casting alloy, typical properties; Rheocast Company (aluminium die caster, Germantown WI) A380 alloy data page.
Magnesium AZ91D
ELEKTRON AZ91D magnesium die-casting alloy, as cast; Magnesium Elektron datasheet 475 (7/01), typical properties; Poisson from MIL-HDBK-5J for AZ91C castings.
  1. 1
    Alloy Aluminum: A380Rheocast CompanyAluminum A380 · Yield strength: typical, 25 °CAluminum A380 · Ultimate tensile strength: typical, 25 °CAluminum A380 · Elongation at break: typicalAluminum A380 · Young's modulus (stiffness): typical, 25 °CAluminum A380 · Density: typical at 68 °FAluminum A380 · Thermal conductivity: typical at 68 °FAluminum A380 · Thermal expansion: typical, 68-572 °F (20-300 °C)Aluminum A380 · Specific heat: typical at 68 °F
  2. 2
    Elektron Die Casting Alloys (Datasheet 475)Magnesium Elektronarchived copyMagnesium AZ91D · Yield strength: typical, 0.2% tensile yield, ambient temperatureMagnesium AZ91D · Ultimate tensile strength: typical, ambient temperatureMagnesium AZ91D · Elongation at break: typical, ambient temperatureMagnesium AZ91D · Young's modulus (stiffness): typicalMagnesium AZ91D · Density: typicalMagnesium AZ91D · Thermal conductivity: typicalMagnesium AZ91D · Thermal expansion: typical, temperature range not statedMagnesium AZ91D · Specific heat: typicalMagnesium AZ91D · Melting point: melting range
  3. 3
    Product Design for Die Casting, Table 4.1: Die Casting Alloys Material Properties ComparisonNorth American Die Casting Associationarchived copyAluminum A380 · Poisson's ratio: typical, as-cast, separately die cast specimens
  4. 4
    MIL-HDBK-5J, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures (2003)U.S. Department of DefenseMagnesium AZ91D · Poisson's ratio: base material: AZ91C casting (MIL-HDBK-5J handbook physical constant)

Each number points to the document that states it, with the exact basis. Values without a number are computed from the sourced ones. "Not sourced" means no citable source states it (or only a specification minimum); figures computed from it are left out too.

Questions

Mechanical

Is Aluminum A380 stronger than Magnesium AZ91D?

Aluminum A380 is stronger: its yield strength is 160 MPa against 150 MPa for Magnesium AZ91D (7%).

Which is lighter, Aluminum A380 or Magnesium AZ91D?

Magnesium AZ91D is lighter: 1,810 kg/m³ against 2,713 kg/m³ for Aluminum A380.

Which is stiffer, Aluminum A380 or Magnesium AZ91D?

Aluminum A380 is stiffer: Young's modulus 71 GPa against 45 GPa for Magnesium AZ91D, so the same part in Aluminum A380 deflects less under the same load.

Which is lighter for the same job, Aluminum A380 or Magnesium AZ91D?

For the same stiffness or strength: Aluminum A380 is lighter for a stiff rod or tie (tension); Magnesium AZ91D is lighter for a stiff beam (bending), stiff panel or plate, strong rod or tie, strong beam, strong panel or plate.

Part that must beAluminum A380Magnesium AZ91D
Stiff rod or tie (tension)lighter5% heavier
Stiff beam (bending)19% heavierlighter
Stiff panel or plate29% heavierlighter
Strong rod or tie41% heavierlighter
Strong beam44% heavierlighter
Strong panel or plate45% heavierlighter

For the same stiffness or strength, mass scales with density over stiffness (or strength) raised to a power set by how the part is loaded: 1 for a rod in tension, 1/2 for a beam in bending, 1/3 for a panel (the standard material-selection indices).

Which is more ductile, Aluminum A380 or Magnesium AZ91D?

Aluminum A380 stretches further before it breaks: 3.5% elongation at break against 3% for Magnesium AZ91D.

Thermal

Which conducts heat better, Aluminum A380 or Magnesium AZ91D?

Aluminum A380 conducts heat better: 96.2 W/m·K against 72 W/m·K for Magnesium AZ91D.

Which expands less with temperature?

Aluminum A380 expands less: 21.8 µm/m·K against 25 µm/m·K for Magnesium AZ91D.

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