Thermal conductivity against densityHigher and further left: spreads more heat for its weightThermal expansion against thermal conductivityLower and further right: warps less when heated
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Alloy 2024 Sheet, Coil & Plate Technical DataKaiser Aluminumarchived copyAluminum 2024-T351 · Yield strength: typical, 0.2% offset, .500 in dia specimenAluminum 2024-T351 · Ultimate tensile strength: typicalAluminum 2024-T351 · Elongation at break: typical, in 4DAluminum 2024-T351 · Young's modulus (stiffness): typicalAluminum 2024-T351 · Density: nominalAluminum 2024-T351 · Thermal conductivity: typical, 20 °CAluminum 2024-T351 · Thermal expansion: typical, mean 20-100 °CAluminum 2024-T351 · Specific heat: typical, at 100 °CAluminum 2024-T351 · Melting point: melting range
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TIMETAL 6-4 PropertiesTIMETarchived copyTitanium · Yield strength: typical, plate (>0.187 in), annealed, 0.2% offsetTitanium · Ultimate tensile strength: typical, plate, annealedTitanium · Elongation at break: typical, in 2 in., plate annealedTitanium · Density: nominalTitanium · Poisson's ratio: mean of TIMET measurementsTitanium · Melting point: melting rangeTitanium · Max service temperature: upper recommended use temperature
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TIMETAL 6-4 Data SheetTIMETarchived copyTitanium · Young's modulus (stiffness): typical range, 20 °CTitanium · Thermal conductivity: typical, 20 °C, mill annealedTitanium · Thermal expansion: typical, mean 0-100 °CTitanium · Specific heat: typical, 20 °C
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MIL-HDBK-5J, Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures (2003)U.S. Department of DefenseAluminum 2024-T351 · Poisson's ratio: typical (handbook physical constant), all tempers
Each number points to the document that states it, with the exact basis. Values without a number are computed from the sourced ones. "Not sourced" means no citable source states it (or only a specification minimum); figures computed from it are left out too.
Questions
Mechanical
Is Aluminum 2024-T351 stronger than Titanium?
Titanium is stronger: its yield strength is 885 MPa against 324 MPa for Aluminum 2024-T351 (2.73x).
Which is lighter, Aluminum 2024-T351 or Titanium?
Aluminum 2024-T351 is lighter: 2,770 kg/m³ against 4,430 kg/m³ for Titanium.
Which is stiffer, Aluminum 2024-T351 or Titanium?
Titanium is stiffer: Young's modulus 115 GPa against 73.1 GPa for Aluminum 2024-T351, so the same part in Titanium deflects less under the same load.
Which is lighter for the same job, Aluminum 2024-T351 or Titanium?
For the same stiffness or strength: Aluminum 2024-T351 is lighter for a stiff rod or tie (tension), stiff beam (bending), stiff panel or plate; Titanium is lighter for a strong rod or tie, strong beam, strong panel or plate.
Part that must be
Aluminum 2024-T351
Titanium
Stiff rod or tie (tension)
lighter
2% heavier
Stiff beam (bending)
lighter
28% heavier
Stiff panel or plate
lighter
38% heavier
Strong rod or tie
1.71x heavier
lighter
Strong beam
22% heavier
lighter
Strong panel or plate
3% heavier
lighter
For the same stiffness or strength, mass scales with density over stiffness (or strength) raised to a power set by how the part is loaded: 1 for a rod in tension, 1/2 for a beam in bending, 1/3 for a panel (the standard material-selection indices).
Which is more ductile, Aluminum 2024-T351 or Titanium?
Aluminum 2024-T351 stretches further before it breaks: 19% elongation at break against 16% for Titanium.
Thermal
Which conducts heat better, Aluminum 2024-T351 or Titanium?
Aluminum 2024-T351 conducts heat better: 120 W/m·K against 6.6 W/m·K for Titanium.
Which expands less with temperature?
Titanium expands less: 9 µm/m·K against 22.9 µm/m·K for Aluminum 2024-T351.